When mountaineering it's absolutely essential that your backpack isn't weighed down with items you don't really need, and you have all the essential items you need for a successful and safe mountaineering trip. I've listed these essentials below:
1. Backpack
You obviously need a backpack, but your choice of backpack should not be taken lightly. You need to ensure that you choose one that can carry all your essential items, and is also comfortable to carry.
2. Clothing and Footwear
It's not only essential that you wear the proper clothing and footwear for the particular climb you're undertaking, but also that you take extra clothing for when the weather changes and you need insulation.
3. Navigation Equipment
When mountaineering you should have a full map of the area and a compass, and crucially you should know how to use them before undertaking any major mountaineering expedition.
4. First Aid Kit
A first aid kit is absolutely essential in case of any emergencies, but you should also have at least some basic first aid training beforehand.
5. Lighting
A small flashlight and/or a headlamp can be very useful when night falls, or if you need to find a missing person in your group.
6. Food and Water
Food and water is obviously a necessity, but you have to remember to take additional supplies than you think you need. There will always be times when you are low on energy and need to take on extra carbohydrates and sugar, and you will always need extra water.
7. Matches
It's a good idea to take some matches with you (ideally waterproof ones) for when you need to start a fire.
8. Sun Protection
Sunglasses, a hat, and high-factor sunscreen should also be taken to protect yourself from the sun. Even in very cold conditions the sun can still burn your skin.
9. Repair Kit And Tools
There will nearly always be times on a trip when you have to carry out repairs so take a few helpful tools like a Swiss Army knife and some duct tape.
10. Emergencies
Finally, you should always be prepared for any emergencies so you should have some form of emergency shelter, and a way of calling for help (such as a mobile phone or two-way radio) in case you get in any trouble.
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